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Birch - Wikipedia. A birch is a thin- leaved deciduoushardwoodtree of the genus.
Betula (). It is closely related to the beech- oak family Fagaceae. The genus Betula contains 3. IUCN 2. 01. 1 Green List of Threatened Species. They are a typically rather short- lived pioneer species widespread in the Northern Hemisphere, particularly in northern temperate and boreal climates. The simple leaves are alternate, singly or doubly serrate, feather- veined, petiolate and stipulate. They often appear in pairs, but these pairs are really borne on spur- like, two- leaved, lateral branchlets. They differ from the alders (Alnus, other genus in the family) in that the female catkins are not woody and disintegrate at maturity, falling apart to release the seeds, unlike the woody, cone- like female alder catkins.
The bark of all birches is characteristically marked with long, horizontal lenticels, and often separates into thin, papery plates, especially upon the paper birch. Its decided color gives the common names gray, white, black, silver and yellow birch to different species. The buds form early and are full grown by midsummer, all are lateral, no terminal bud is formed; the branch is prolonged by the upper lateral bud.
The wood of all the species is close- grained with satiny texture, and capable of taking a fine polish; its fuel value is fair. Flower and fruit. Staminate aments are pendulous, clustered or solitary in the axils of the last leaves of the branch of the year or near the ends of the short lateral branchlets of the year. They form in early autumn and remain rigid during the winter. The scales of the staminate aments when mature are broadly ovate, rounded, yellow or orange color below the middle, dark chestnut brown at apex. Each scale bears two bractlets and three sterile flowers, each flower consisting of a sessile, membranaceous, usually two- lobed, calyx.
Each calyx bears four short filaments with one- celled anthers or strictly, two filaments divided into two branches, each bearing a half- anther. Anther cells open longitudinally. The pistillate aments are erect or pendulous, solitary; terminal on the two- leaved lateral spur- like branchlets of the year. The pistillate scales are oblong- ovate, three- lobed, pale yellow green often tinged with red, becoming brown at maturity. These scales bear two or three fertile flowers, each flower consisting of a naked ovary. The ovary is compressed, two- celled, and crowned with two slender styles; the ovule is solitary.
Each scale bear a single small, winged nut that is oval, with two persistent stigmas at the apex. Taxonomy. German. Birke, West Frisianbjirk), an adjectival formation from *berk. Dutchberk, Low German. Bark, Danishbirk, Norwegianbj.
This root is presumably derived from *b. The Proto- Germanicruneberkanan is named after the birch. The generic name betula is from Latin, which is a diminutive borrowed from Gaulishbetua (cf. Old Irishbethe, Welshbedw). Ecology. They are regarded as pioneer species, rapidly colonising open ground especially in secondary successional sequences following a disturbance or fire. Birches are early tree species to become established in primary successions, and can become a threat to heathland if the seedlings and saplings are not suppressed by grazing or periodic burning.
Birches are generally lowland species, but some species, such as Betula nana, have a montane distribution. In the British Isles, there is some difference between the environments of Betula pendula and Betula pubescens, and some hybridization, though both are . Mycorrhizal fungi, including sheathing (ecto)mycorrhizas, are found in some cases to be beneficial to tree growth.
Ripple figuring may occur, increasing the value of the timber for veneer and furniture- making. The highly decorative Masur (or Karelian) birch, from Betula verrucosa var. It is light but strong, and has many other good properties.
It's among the strongest and dimensionally most stable plywoods, although it is unsuitable for exterior use. Birch plywood is used to make longboards (skateboard), giving it a strong yet flexible ride. It is also used (often in very thin grades with many laminations) for making model aircraft. Extracts of birch are used for flavoring or leather oil, and in cosmetics such as soap or shampoo. In the past, commercial oil of wintergreen (methyl salicylate) was made from the sweet birch (Betula lenta).
Birch- tar or Russian oil extracted from birch bark is thermoplastic and waterproof; it was used as a glue on, for example, arrows, and also for medicinal purposes. It burns well, without popping, even when frozen and freshly hewn. The bark will burn very well even when wet because of the oils it contains.
With care, it can be split into very thin sheets that will ignite from even the smallest of sparks. Birch sap is a traditional drink in Northern Europe, Siberia, and Northern China. The sap is also bottled and sold commercially.
Birch sap can be used to make birch syrup, which is used like maple syrup for pancakes and waffles. Birch wood can be used to smoke foods.
Birch seeds are used as leaf litter in miniature terrain models. The Himalayan birch, Betula utilis, especially the variety or subspecies jacquemontii, is among the most widely planted for this purpose. It has been cultivated since the 1.
Doorenbos', 'Grayswood Ghost' and 'Silver Shadow'; 'Knightshayes' has a slightly weeping habit. Other species with ornamental white bark include Betula ermanii, Betula papyrifera, Betula pendula and Betula raddeana. The major allergen is a protein called Bet v I.
The thin walls cause the fibre to collapse upon drying, giving a paper with low bulk and low opacity. The birch fibres are, however, easily fibrillated and give about 7. Watch Bird Sees Dr. Swan stream with subtitles FULLHD 21:9 more. Birch paper (Sanskrit: . Birch has a natural resonance that peaks in the high and low frequencies, which are also the hardest for speakers to reproduce.
Online streaming Torture On Facebook Live: 4 Charged With Hate Crime In Attack On Chicago Man With Special Needs with english subtitles 2K 16:9 more. Birch is known for having . Prior to the 1. 97.
Because of the need for greater volume and midrange clarity, drums were made almost entirely from maple until recently. Birch drums have a natural boost in the high and low frequencies, which allows the drums to sound fuller.
Birch wood is sometimes used as a tonewood for semiacoustic and acoustic guitar bodies, and occasionally for solid- body guitar bodies. It is also a common material used in mallets for keyboard percussion. Culture. In Celtic cultures, the birch symbolises growth, renewal, stability, initiation and adaptability because it is highly adaptive and able to sustain harsh conditions with casual indifference. Proof of this adaptability is seen in its easy and eager ability to repopulate areas damaged by forest fires or clearings. Birches are also associated with the T.
The leaves of the silver birch tree are used in the festival of St George, held in Novosej and other villages in Albania. The Czech word for the month of March, B. The silver birch tree is of special importance to the Swedish city of Ume.
To protect the city against future fires, it was decided to plant silver birch trees all over the city. Also, the ice hockey team of Ume.
American poet Lucy Larcom's . The genus Betula: a taxonomic revision of birches: 1- 4. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.^Keeler, Harriet L. Our Native Trees and How to Identify Them. New York: Charles Scriber's Sons. Retrieved 3. 0 September 2. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 8.
B, 1–1. 1, 1. 98. Retrieved December 1, 2. Archived from the original on February 2. The Plantsman (New Series). The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery. Needham, MA, USA: The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery, Inc.
Another method cited was that of splints made of birch bark soaked in water until quite soft. They were then carefully fitted to the limb and tied with bark thongs.
On drying, they became stiff and firm. There is no record of the use of extension, but, nevertheless, very few crippled and deformed Indians were to be seen. The World of Market Pulp. Bhurja- patra, the inner bark on the birch tree grown in the Himalayan region, was a very common writing material ..^.
Retrieved August 2. Critical Companion to Robert Frost: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work. ISBN 9. 78- 1- 4. Retrieved 1. 0 November 2.